Abstract: Bleb scarring is the main cause of glaucoma filtration surgery failure. Transforming growth factorbeta (TGFβ) can induce the phenotypic modulation of human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts, then cause further migration, proliferation of the cells, synthesis of extracellular matrix, and eventually lead to the scarring of the bleb. There had been a lot of researchs at cytokine and gene level  in antifibrotic area in recent years, which include TGFβ antibodies (such as antiTGFβ2 antibody, CAT152), TGFβ inhibitors (such as decorin, chymase inhibitor, SB431542, etc.) and genetic level reagents (such as TGFβ antisense oligonucleotides, etc.) to inhibit the important target and protein expression in TGFβ signaling pathways (such as ALK5/Smad2/Smad3, MAPK, RhoROCK, PI3KAKT signaling pathways, etc.), so as to achieve the role of reducing bleb scarring. But most of these drugs were lack of clinical trials support  and of comparative studies among different drugs. Therefore, indepth studies are still needed to explore the relationship among TGFβ cell signaling pathways, and find the best target for the regulation of bleb scarring.  (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2012, 36: 116121)