Abstract: The eye is a highly vulnerable site for viral infections, which can be attributed to a variety of viruses, including adenovirus, herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and varicella-zoster virus. Presently, the detection of ocular viruses predominantly employs immunological and molecular biological techniques. Immunological methods include the detection of antigens and antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), chemiluminescence immunoassay, and immunofluorescence. Enzyme detection is conducted through Western blotting and zymography methods, while immune effector molecules are analyzed using flow cytometry and mass spectrometry. Molecular biological approaches mainly utilize polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technologies, such as real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, multiplex PCR, and digital PCR. Recently, next-generation sequencing (NGS) has been adopted for the identification of viruses causing ocular infections. In recent years, advancements in ocular virus detection technologies are increasingly focusing on high-throughput, automated, rapid, and non-invasive methodologies.

Key words: Eye infections, Detection of viruses, Molecular biology, Digital polymerase chain reaction