International Review of Ophthalmology

Previous Articles     Next Articles

Research advances in ocular lymphatics

Yang Lufei, Yu Jinjin, Chen Yanghao, Wu Zhifeng   

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
  • Received:2019-01-03 Online:2019-06-22 Published:2019-06-25
  • Contact: Wu Zhifeng, Email: zhifengwu2018@126.com
  • Supported by:
    Ophthalmology Clinical Medical Center Project of Wuxi City Jiangsu Province (LCZX003)

Abstract: The lymphatic network penetrates most tissues in the body and plays critical roles in many functions. The identification of specific markers for the lymphatic vessels, such as VEGF-C/D/VEGFR-3, LYVE-1, Prox-1, has been instrumental in the advance of lymphatic biology. People have found that conjunctiva, corneal limbus, lacrimal gland and extraocular muscles contain lymphatic vessels, while the normal corneal is devoid of lymphatic vessels. Although, injection of intraocular VEGF-C can increase sprouting and proliferation of schlemm’s canal (SC) endothelial cells (ECs) and reduce intraocular pressure,the lymphatic marker expression profile of SC is incomplete, which suggests that SC should not be considered as a fully differentiated lymphatic vessel. There is no lymphatic vessels in the choroid,but LYVE-1(+) or CD34(+) / VEGFR-3(+) netlike structures may compose lymphatic vessels temporarily in inflammation. Retina and optic nerves are absent of lymphatics, but may have “lymphtic” system consist of AQP4. Ocular lymphatics are closely related to ocular diseases. They may participate in the development of ocular surface inflammation and help the outflow of aqueous humor in patients with glaucoma. Lymphatic dysfunction may contribute to the progression of age-related macular degeneration. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2019, 43: 183-188)