Abstract: Indirect traumatic optic neuropathy（ITON）is an acute injury of the optic nerve with disruption of visual function and is part of the spectrum of head. The consequence of the injury is severe although the incidence is low. Recent researches suggest that the pathogenesis is associated with compartment syndrome in orbital apex. Functional magnetic resonance image（MRI）for its diagnosis becomes more and more important. Transcaruncular optic canal decompression（OND）is introduced recently although transnasal OND is the main operation selection. In this review, we focused on the operation opportunity, surgery effects, surgery techniques and complications of optic canal decompression in recent articles.(Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2020, 44：121-125)