Abstract: Objective To study the clinical and radiographic features of infection-associated optic perineuritis(OPN). Design Retrospective case series. Participants 10 patients who diagnosed as OPN from April 2011 to January 2014 at Department of Neurology in Beijing Tongren Hospital and Department of Ophthalmology in Beijing Friendship Hospital. Methods Clinical, radiographic features and laboratory findings of all patients were reviewed, and followed up respectively. The data were analyzed with SPSS software. Main Outcome Measures Clinical manifestations, radiographic features, laboratory findings and the prognosis. Results Of 10 patients, 7 were female. The ages of patients at disease onset varied from 14 to 51, averaged 33.8±12.7 years. The best corrected vision acuity (BCVA) at nadir was 0.1 or worse on 10 of 16(62.5%) affected eyes. Mild to moderate disc edema with 13 affected eyes（81.3%）, and 2 with hemorrhage at the edge of optic disc. All patients have at least one brain MRI, and 7 demonstrated circumferential enhancement around the optic nerve. All patients received corticosteroid therapy. Follow-up time ranged 400 to 1035 days, averaged 854.1±198.1 days. BCVA at last were better than 1.0 except 4 eyes. Conclusion In contrast to demyelinating optic neuritis, infection-associated optic perineuritis are likely associated with preceding infection, more bilateral affected, more severe disc edema and hemorrhage at the edge of optic disc. MRI demonstrated circumferential enhancement around the optic nerve, easily be misdiagnosed as optic nerve sheath meningioma. Response to corticosteroid was dramatic. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2016, 25: 265-269)

Key words: optic perineuritis/radiography, corticosteroid