Abstract:  Due to the complexity of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), some patients need to still stay in hospital after vitrectomy. Controlling the elevation of early postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) is the first reason for the prolonged hospitalization. To investigate the occurrence time and incidence would contribute to monitoring the postoperative IOP after diabetic vitrectomy in time. The risk factors of postoperative elevated IOP are combined tractional retinal detachment, preoperative high IOP, 20gauge vitrectomy, the number of laser photocoagulation, use of expanding gas and silicone oil tamponade, fibrovascular frond removal, combined surgery, postoperative severe inflammation and postoperative vitreous hemorrhage. Through analyzing these factors, doctors could evaluate the occurrence of the early postoperative elevated IOP caused by PDR vitrectomy and administer individualized treatment, and also forecast the postoperative duration of hospitalization.  (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2014, 38:   325-329)