Abstract: 【Abstract】Thyroid associated ophthalmology(TAO) is an organspecific autoimmune disease. It can affect patient′s quality of life and it is difficult to cure. So timely and exact knowledge and diagnosis of TAO is crucial to the further treatment. The early diagnosis of TAO needs to be combined with medical history, general examination, laboratory examination and imaging examination, etc. However, exact judgment on the activity and the severity of TAO is necessary, which is very important for determining the therapeutic method. Local measures are recommended in mild TAO. Moderatesevere TAO is recommended to use intravenous glucocorticoids and orbital radiotherapy. Orbital decompression can be performed when necessary. In sightthreatening TAO is recommended to use intravenous glucocorticoids and orbital decompression. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2012, 36: 341345)