Abstract: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are increasingly employed in the therapy of retinal and choroidal diseases, especially in preventing cystoid macular edema and uveitis, and the potential treatment of retinal and choroidal neovascularization. In recent years, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration have approved new topical NSAIDs, such as nepafenac and bromfenac sodium eye drops. The structure of nepafenac may reduce the risk of corneal toxicity, and increase the permeability to aim tissue. While bromfenac sodium provides a fast onset of action, it has been shown to have penetrated and distributed rapidly to the cornea, iris, ciliary body, retina, and choroids, along with a longer duration of action that may last for up to 24 hours. This article also reviewed the mechanism of NSAID, the current situation of preventing and treating cystoid macular edema following cataract surgery and diabetic macular edema, the application in uveitis, the potential of preventing  the choroidal neovascularization, and the adverse effects of topical NSAIDs.