Abstract: Besides involved in metabolism process, cell cycle control and immune response, Sirtuin1 (Sirt1), a member of Class III Histone deacetylase (HDAC), also demonstrated neuroprotective effects on the retinal cells in several retinal and optic nerve diseases. The roles of Sirt1 in the development of retina diseases were reviewed and summarized in this article. The main points included: in diabetic retinopathy models, Sirt1 could inhibit the retinal chronic inflammation, attenuate the retinal neovascularization and cleavage the metabolic memory of retina cells; in optic neuritis and glaucoma models, Sirt1 protected retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) from apoptosis; in agerelated macular degeneration (AMD) study, Sirt1 had been proved to be able to rescue the viability and function of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells in vitro, and decrease the complement factor (CF) Hinduced retinal autoimmunity. On the other hand, Sirt1, as a possible angiogenesis factor, may promote choroidal neovascularization, which needs further confirmation. Sirt1 might be a potential therapeutic target in retinal diseases.