Abstract: Thyroidassociated ophthalmopathy is the common orbital disease. Although the mechanism is not fully understood, it has been confirmed that thyroidassociated ophthalmopathy is a kind of autoimmune disease. The pathological changes of extraocular muscle, connective tissue, and eye conjunctiva tissue in thyroidassociated ophthalmopathy were reviewed in this paper in order to provide some clues for further revealling the pathogenesis of thyroidassociated ophthalmopathy, to present more reasonable explanation for some clinical phenomenon of the restrictive strabismus, and to expect some guiding for clinical treatment.