Abstract: 【Abstract】Congenital cataract which has severe impact on children’s visual development requires operation. This procedure can helps children to regain effective visual stimulation by removing the cloudiness of optic axis. Cataract surgery with primary or secondary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation has become the main therapeutic procedure for congenital cataract patients. The important factor which decides the timing of operation and the chosen of procedure is the age of patients. As the power of intraocular lens is fixed, the inherent balance of eye development in children is broken. Many factors related to the operation, such as the age at surgery, the laterality and the decision of IOL power, have influenced on the eye development and refraction changes. We mainly care about the changes of the axial length and the myopic shift. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2012, 36: 327330）