Abstract: As severe hypertension target organ damages may threaten the life, the early diagnosis, the evaluation of severity, treatment and prognosis of hypertension is of great importance. Retinal vessels are the only microcirculation that can be observed by noninvasive methods and provide a good research model for the onset and progression of hypertension. The  retinal photograph is the main carrier of the information of the retinal vessels,  and the  automation degree of the measurement is getting higher. Moreover, some other test methods attract more and more attention, including scanning laser Doppler flowmetry, adaptive optics scanning laser and so on. The association between the retinal vascular changes and hypertension has been approved by a large number of the studies. Furthermore, the retinal vascular changes can predict the hypertension incidence and reflect the treatment of hypertension to a certain extent.