Abstract: One of the most important parameter termed optical density of computer imaging has grasped attention from some scholars for it can reflect inner changes of organizational structure. Optical density has been used in a variety of studies in ophthalmology. This review will concentrate on the evaluating power of optical density on cornea refractive surgery, cataract grading, retinopathy, as well as retinal nerve fiber optical density and its prospective for glaucoma/diagnosis.   (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2014, 38:   370-374)