Abstract: Due to the irreversible blinding, retinal diseases have always been an important issue affecting the life quality of human being. With the deepening of the research on stem cells, cell replacement therapy based on stem cell transplantation raises a new possibility for treatment of retinal diseases. In recent years different kinds of stem cells have made great breakthroughs in retina repair application, including the retina stem/progenitor cells from eye tissue, mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, neural stem cells, embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. They can not only differentiate into various retinal neurons and glial cells, but also integrate into injured retina after transplantation, and even display normal function of retinal neurons.  (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2014, 38:   386-390)