Abstract: Optic nerve diseases are among the leading causes of irreversible vision loss, with traditional treatments primarily focusing on etiology control rather than functional recovery. In recent years, visual training and stimulation techniques based on neuroplasticity theory have brought new hope for optic nerve disease rehabilitation. Transcorneal electrical stimulation (TcES) shows promising applications in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy and glaucoma; repetitive transorbital alternating current stimulation (rtACS) with individualized electrode positioning technology can significantly improve patient's visual field and visual acuity; 40Hz light flicker stimulation promotes optic nerve regeneration by activating microglia; virtual reality visual training demonstrates sustained visual function improvement in glaucoma patients; cortical visual prosthesis technology achieves letter recognition function in humans for the first time. These techniques provide new treatment options for optic nerve disease patients by activating neuroplasticity, promoting neuroprotection and regeneration, and improving visual function. With continuous technological development and refinement, the introduction of predictive rehabilitation intervention strategies has further optimized treatment outcomes, offering hope for rehabilitation to more patients.

Key words: Optic nerve diseases, Visual training, Electrical stimulation, Neuroplasticity, Rehabilitation therapy