Abstract: Toric intraocular lens (Toric IOL) implantation offers advantages such as a wide range of astigmatism correction, high precision, no need for corneal incisions, and long-term stability of postoperative effect, making it the preferred option for treating cataracts with significant preoperative corneal astigmatism. Recent years have witnessed numerous advances in Toric IOL design and clinical application. In terms of haptic design, new configurations including modified C-loop, modified L-loop, square-frosted loop, plate-loop, and double-loop designs have emerged. Regarding materials, acrylic has largely replaced polymethylmethacrylate and silicone; cutting-edge research focuses on hydrophobic treatment of hydrophilic acrylic or introduction of bioactive coatings. For functional design, novel technologies such as aspheric, multifocal, extended depth of focus, and light-adjustable designs have been developed. Clinically, Toric IOL implantation has achieved satisfactory refractive outcomes in patients with irregular astigmatism featuring central regular components, capsular bag defects, non-progressive keratoconus, stable post-penetrating keratoplasty status, and Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy without corneal edema. Deeper understanding of posterior corneal astigmatism, along with instruments enabling direct measurement of posterior corneal curvature and astigmatism (e.g., IOLMaster 700, Pentacam) and newer formulas (e.g., Barrett, EVO, Hoffer QST, Kane), has significantly improved Toric IOL power calculation accuracy. Innovations in transscleral suture fixation have enabled astigmatic correction using Toric IOLs in patients lacking capsular support. Preoperative axis marking and postoperative rotational measurement techniques are transitioning from manual to digital and big data-driven approaches.

Key words: Toric intraocular lens, Cataract, Astigmatism