Abstract: Corneal biomechanics plays a critical role in the screening, differential diagnosis, diagnosis, and treatment of ocular disorders such as corneal ectatic diseases. In vivo corneal biomechanics testing techniques  primarily assess the biomechanical properties of cornea  through air-puff technique, optical imaging, and finite element modeling. Currently, four types of instruments are widely used in clinical practice to extract corneal biomechanical parameters:the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA), the Corneal Visualization Scheimpflug Technology (Corvis ST), Brillouin microscopy, and optical coherence elastography (OCE).  Advances in these technologies have enabled a shift from global corneal biomechanical assessment toward localized and precise measurements. Such progress has not only improved the accuracy of evaluating corneal biomechanical properties, but also significantly enhanced early screening and precise staging of keratoconus. Furthermore, these tools offer reliable support for assessing the safety of corneal refractive surgery and monitoring the efficacy of corneal cross-linking procedures.

Key words: Corneal biomechanics;Keratoconus, Corneal visualization Scheimpflug technology, Ocular response analyzer, Brillouin microscopy, Optical coherence elastography