Abstract: Particulate matter (PM) pollution is a severe public health issue. As an organ directly exposed to the environment, the eye is highly susceptible to damage. PM induces a range of pathological changes in different ocular tissues through multiple mechanisms such as oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and modes of cell death. On the ocular surface, PM can lead to meibomian gland dysfunction and conjunctivitis, disrupting tear film stability. In the cornea, PM can directly impair the barrier function of the corneal epithelium.As the lesion progresses, PM can interfere with the outflow of aqueous humor through pathways such as activating inflammatosomes, increasing the risk of glaucoma. It can also trigger ferroptosis to cause cataracts and break through the blood-retinal barrier to cause damage to the structure and function of the retina.PM exposure causes comprehensive damage to the eye from the ocular surface to the fundus through multiple mechanisms and targets. Attention should be paid to the component-specific toxicity of PM, and personal and public protective measures should be strengthened to reduce the risk of eye-related diseases.

Key words: Particulate matter, Air pollution, Ocular diseases