Abstract: Objective To understand the incidence of neonatal fundus disease in Urumqi, Xinjiang, and provide basis for the prevention and treatment of neonatal ophthalmopathy. Design Cross-sectional study. Participants 25 644 newborns born in Urumqi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from January 2014 to December 2018. Methods All the newborns were examined with wide area digital fundus imaging system (RetCam 3). The clinical data such as gestational weeks, birth weight and delivery mode were recorded, and the screening results were analyzed. Main Outcome Measures Incidence of neonatal fundus disease. Results The abnormal rate of fundus was 18.16%. The incidence rate of retinal vitreous body hemorrhage was 13%(3334 cases), the incidence of retinal hemorrhage in vaginal delivery (20.91%) was significantly higher than that in cesarean section (3.71%) (P=0.000). The incidence of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) was 0.34% (87 cases); the incidence of peripheral white focus of retina was 2.1%(539 cases); the incidence of persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous was 0.02%(4 cases); the incidence of morning glory syndrome was 0.02% (6 cases);  the incidence of retinoblastoma was 0.01% (2 cases), and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) was detected in 4.79% (79 cases) of preterm infants, and the detection rate of ROP was negatively correlated with gestational age and birth weight (r=-0.879, -0.907; P=0.049, 0.034). Conclusion The incidence of most ocular fundus diseases in the region is the non urgent, non intervention, and the main blinding fundus disease is ROP.

Key words: newborn, preterm, fundus screening