Abstract: Objective To compare the expression of immune factors (IL-6, IL-10, TGF-β1, bFGF, IL-1 β) in aqueous humor of patients with high myopia and emmetropia, to explore the relationship between immune factors in aqueous humor and the incidence of high myopia. Design Prospective control study. Participants Forty aqueous humor was collected from 20 patients with high myopia (experimental group) and 20 patients with emmetropia cataracts (control group). Methods The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and IL-1β in aqueous humor were measured by flow CBA. The different of these factors levels was compared between the two groups. Main Outcome Measures The levels of IL-6, IL-10, TGF-β1, bFGF, and IL-1β in aqueous humor. Results The levels of IL-6 in aqueous humor of experimental group and control group was (7.60 ± 7.64) pg/ml and (30.02±43.02) pg/ml (t=-2.71，P<0.01)；the levels of IL-10 was (1.00±0.91) pg/ml and (1.84±0.97) pg/ml (t=-2.29，P=0.02); the levels of bFGF was (0.00±0.00) pg/ml and (0.56±1.20) pg/ml (t=-2.25，P=0.03) ; the levels of TGF-β1 was (6.52±10.75) pg/ml and (4.97±7.25) pg/ml (t=-0.43，P=0.67); the levels of IL-1β was (2.50±2.14) pg/ml and (2.91±1.12) pg/ml (t=-0.72，P=0.47). Conclusion The different expression of immune factors in aqueous humor may be related to the pathogenesis of high myopia.

Key words: high myopia, immune factors, aqueous humor