Abstract:  Objective To investigate the dynamic characteristics of ocular wavefront aberrations and discuss the relationship between aberrations and pupil size, as well as the relationships between aberrations and accommodation under simulated physiological conditions. Design Prospective comperative study. Participants Normal eyes (21 cases) and the simulated eye. Methods The condition of ocular accommodation was controlled by the moving visual target when the value of the wavefront aberrations was collected by Hartmann-Shark aberrometry. The simulated eye was used as the control. Main Outcome Measures The root mean square of total wavefront aberration (t-RMS) and high-order aberration (h-RMS) from normal eyes and the simulated eye and their coefficient of variance. Results In normal eye, the mean t-RMS was 0.46±0.18 μm; the mean h-RMS was 0.27±0.14 μm， the coefficient of variance was 40.37% and 36.34%, respectively. As a control, the mean t-RMS and coefficient of variance of the simulated eye’s was 0.39±0.00 μm and 0.47% respectively. The h-RMS of normal eyes was correlated with pupil sizes and accommodation. The regression equation could be expressed as: h-RMS= 0.111 × pupil diameter (mm) -0.015 × dioptre (D) - 0.313（P<0.001，R2=0.458）.  Conclusion The ocular wavefront aberrations could change significantly under physiological conditions. The pupil size is the main factor.

Key words: wavefront aberrations, pupil size, accommodation