Abstract: Objective To study the treatment of the deep superior sulcus after the orbital implantation of hydroxyapatite(HA). Design Retrospective case series. Participants 55 patients（55 eyes） with deep superior sulcus after the HA implantation. Methods The participants received dermis fat transplantation, hemisphere HA implantation or orbital fracture rehabilitation by HA compound material, respectively. The choose of the surgical method was based on the degree of the superior sulcus and the pathogenesis. Main Outcome Measures The degree of the superior sulcus and the appearance before and after surgery were evaluated. Results The situation of deep superior sulcus in all 6 cases who received dermis fat graft was improved after the surgery within 3 months. Gradual absorption of the dermis fat beneath the skin was observed after 3 months. Finally, 1 patient remained mild but improved superior sulcus, while the other 5 patients obtained relatively acceptable correction. The results of the 10 patients who received hemisphere HA implantation and the 37 patients who received orbital fracture rehabilitation were satisfying. The other 2 patients received orbital fracture rehabilitation combined with dermis fat transplantation, and the results were satisfying. Conclusions The condition of deep superior sulcus after the orbital implantation of HA may achieve satisfying results by choosing proper surgical methods depending on the degree of the superior sulcus and the pathogenesis.

Key words: ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery, deep superior sulcus, dermis fat grafting, orbital fracture, orbital implant