Abstract: Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of polyethylene glycol eye drops combined with tobramycin dexamethasone ointment in treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction with dry eye. Design Retrospective comparative cases series． Participants Two hundred and thirty-eight cases (476 eyes) of meibomian gland dysfunction with dry eye. Method The participants were randomly divided into two groups: Group 1, 120 patients (240 eyes) using polyethylene glycol eye drops and tobramycin dexamethasone ointment in treatment; group 2, 118 cases (236 eyes) using polyethylene glycol eye drops and fusidic acid eye gel. Tear break-up time (BUT), Schirmer test (Schimer-I), corneal fluorescein staining (FL) and dry eye symptoms were recorded by questionaires and slit lamp microscope before and 2, 4 weeks after medication. Main Outcome Measures BUT, Schirmer-I,  FL score and dry eye symptoms. Results Before treatment, Schirmer-I, BUT, and FL score had no significant difference between group 1 and group 2 (P>0.05 ). At 2 weeks after medication, the Schirmer-I, BUT, and FL score in group 1 and group 2 was (13.6±4.2) mm and (12.5±3.8) mm (P=0.45), (12.4±3.2) s and (5.6±2.8) s(P=0.00), and  (1.3±0.7) and (4.7±1.1) (P=0.00) , respectively. At 4 weeks after medication, the Schirmer-I, BUT, and FL score in group 1 and group 2 was (14.7±3.7) mm and (13.4±2.5) mm (P=0.09), (14.2±2.8) s and (8.6±2.4) s (P=0.00), and  (1.1±0.4) and (3.4±0.8) (P=0.00), respectively. At 2 weeks after medication, the clinical symptoms score in group 1 and group 2 was (2.6±0.9) and (5.4±1.5), respectively (P=0.00); at 4 weeks after medication, the clinical symptoms score in group 1 and group 2 is (1.4±0.7) and (3.8±1.3) (P=0.00). Conclusion The short-term efficacy of polyethylene glycol eye drops combined with tobramycin dexamethasone ointment for the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction dry eye is good.