Abstract: Objective To investigate the clinical characteristic and causes of consecutive esotropia, and evaluate the surgical management of consecutive esotropia. Design Retrospective case series. Participants 17 patients who accepted surgical correction of consecutive esotropia after exotropia surgery. Methods The indexes of 17 patients as follow: the methods and characteristics of the first strabismus operation, onset time of consecutive esotropia and postoperative treatment after exotropia surgery, estropia operation mode and operative foundings were observed. 50 patients with intermittent exotropia were randomly choosed as control group, in order to analyze the causes of consecutive esotropia. Main Outcome Measures Types of exotropia, exotropia operation method and postoperative management, onset time of consecutive esotropia, estropia operation mode and operative foundings, the position of eyes after estropia operation. Results 9 of 17 cases(52.9%) were complicated with vertical strabismus, including 2 cases of V syndrome and 4 cases of DVD. In control group, 9 cases(18%) were complicated with vertical strabismus. There was significant difference between two groups ( χ2=6.33， P=0.01). Consecutive esotropia appeared 1~12 months after exotropia operation, the average of 2 months after surgery. In 17 cases, 16 cases were constant esotropia, 1 case was atypical periodic esotropia; 10 cases were complicated with the limitation of abduction, including 2 cases of muscle detachment, 3 cases of adherence syndrome, 3 case of suture adjusted; after the surgery, 14 cases(82.3%) were cured, 2 cases were overcorrected and 1 case was undercorrected. Conclusion Consecutive esotropia appears 2 months after exotropia surgery on average. Limitation of abduction, muscle detachment, adherence syndrome and vertical strabismus complicated may be the causes of consecutive esotropia. Compound strabismus combined with vertical strabismus is prone to consecutive esotropia after the surgery. (Ophthalmol CHN， 2013, 22： 327-331)

Key words: consecutive esotropia/complications, consecutive esotropia/surgery