Abstract: Preterm birth is a complex clinical phenomenon, several physiological and pathological differences of multiple organs are found between the preterm and term infants. In recent years, clinical studies showed preterms present different retinal morphological characteristics, such as the thicker thickness of fovea, the cystoid macular edema in some cases, the smaller foreal avascular zone, the changes of the shape and size of the optic disc and rim, the thicker retinal nerve fiber layer, decreasing number and angle of the retinal vessel, compared with terms in different periods after birth. These morphological differences may be related to their differences in visual function.