Abstract: Shaken baby syndrome (SBS) is the most common cause of childhood death resulting from abuse. Although severe injury of the nerve system occurs, patients seldom show obvious trauma signs. SBS is characterized by subdural hemorrhage and retinal hemorrhage. Ophthalmologists play critical roles in the diagnosis and treatment of SBS, as well as in the judicial expertise of child abuse. This current review  focuses on the ophthalmological manifestation, pathogenesis of SBS, and the duty of ophthalmologists in diagnosis and treatment of SBS.