Abstract: The ocular refraction development is dependent on the visual environment. Interference with normal visual environment can affect the refractive development. The vision system is not only responsible for the perception of object in the shape, light and shade, motion, but also charge of distinguishing the color of the object. As an important part of visual stimuli in discrimination and perceptual object properties, the chromatic vision directly affect the retinal cone cells and then change the morphology, metabolism and function of eyeball, thus affecting the eye refractive development through a variety of ways.