Abstract: Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) uses Q-switched 532 nm Neodymium: YAG laser to selectively target pigment trabecular meshwork cells, thus minimizing collateral thermal damage to surrounding tissue and the possibility of subsequent scarring. Now people pay more attention to the function of cytokines and alterations of postgenomic molecular level of SLT. SLT have been used to treat patients with primary open-angle glaucoma(OAG) in the beginning of its development. Recently it has been used to treat some other types of OAG. Now low-energy SLT are explored and proved effective. Now the confirmed effect factor of the efficacy of SLT is the baseline intraocular pressure(IOP). The common complications of SLT include IOP peak, inflammation of anterior chamber and conjunctival injection. And several aspects, such as the selection of the practical energy and range for SLT treatment, if SLT could be selected as the first treatment for the OAG instead of the traditional medicine, and the best pattern to combine the SLT with medicine treatment, should be further explored in the future.