Abstract: Visual development is inseparable from the optical signals. The suitable visual environment is particularly important for the  refractive development. However, with the gradual changing from the natural light to the artificial light environment,   normal vision developmental processes is affected. The recent data and related clinical researches  show that the precise pathogenesis is still unknown. The different color artifinal light affects the vision development through the possible mechanisms, such as optical defocus, being as agent signal of sensitive cone cells, simulating the vision deprived,  or regulating the cell protein, etc..