Abstract: Cataract surgery is the most commonly performed intraocular surgery in the pediatric population. Although the basic surgical techniques have not significantly changed over the last several years, there are many related issues under continual debate and research. These include use of local perioperative anesthesia, capsular management, type and power of intraocular lenses (IOLs), sutured IOLs, and risk of subsequent glaucoma. Besides, the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study has published the early report.