Abstract: Significant strides have been made in advancing our understanding of endocannabinoids for their roles in the eye and retina. Recent evidence shows that the endocannabinoid system is widely distributed throughout the eye, with regionspecific variation and actions. The endocannabinoid system is emerging to exert neuroprotection in numerous neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system. This consideration is based on some properties of cannabinoids as the inhibition of the release of excitotoxic amino acids and cytokines, and the modulation of oxidative stress. Pharmacologic modulation of cannabinoid receptors or the enzymes involved in the synthesis, transport, or breakdown of endogenous cannabinoids has proved to be a valid alternative to conventional treatment of these diseases. In this review, we will discuss cannabinoid receptors and their localization in ocular tissues, endocannabinoid signal pathway and recent findings that demonstrate the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in ocular diseases. We specially focus on the pharmacological actions and mechanisms of cannabinoids in relation to retinal degeneration diseases, which based not only on the reduction of intraocular pressure but also on neuroprotection of retina. Molecules capable of interfering with the ocular endocannabinoid system could offer a broad spectrum of opportunities for basic research and to identify targets for therapeutic application in ocular diseases.