国际眼科纵览

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干细胞移植治疗青光眼的研究进展

禹斐 吴仁毅   

  1. 厦门大学附属厦门眼科中心 厦门大学眼科研究所,厦门 361001  
  • 收稿日期:2019-09-28 出版日期:2020-02-22 发布日期:2020-02-27
  • 通讯作者: 吴仁毅,Email:wubasel@hotmail.com E-mail:wubasel@hotmail.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(81170841; 81570844);福建省厦门市科技项目(3502Z20134040; 3502Z20149026)

Stem cell transplantation therapy in glaucoma

Yu Fei, Wu Renyi   

  1. Xiamen Eye Center of Xiamen University, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361001, China
  • Received:2019-09-28 Online:2020-02-22 Published:2020-02-27
  • Contact: Wu Renyi, Email: wubasel@hotmail.com E-mail:wubasel@hotmail.com
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China (81170841; 81570844); Xiamen Scientific and Technologic Fund Program (3502Z20134040; 3502Z20149026)

摘要: 青光眼是以视网膜神经节细胞(retinal ganglion cells,RGC)丢失导致不可逆性视力减退和视野丧失为特征的退行性视神经病变。干细胞具有全能性和自我更新的特性,干细胞治疗已被证明可用于视网膜退行性疾病的治疗,有望成为青光眼视功能恢复的有效手段。干细胞根据来源可分为胚胎干细胞、诱导多能干细胞和成体干细胞,在青光眼治疗中的移植方式包括前房移植、玻璃体内移植、视网膜下和脉络膜上腔移植。干细胞治疗青光眼的途径主要包括修复受损小梁网以降低眼压,以及替代或修复受损伤的RGC。目前干细胞移植治疗青光眼主要存在操作安全性、致瘤性及免疫排斥等问题。通过提取间充质干细胞外泌体和细胞外囊泡的治疗方式可能是较好的解决途径之一。

Abstract: Glaucoma is a degenerative optic neuropathy characterized by irreversible loss of vision as the result of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) loss. Stem cells, characterized as totipotency and self\|renewal, have shown the potential in the treatment of degenerative diseases of the retina, and are supposed to be an effective method to restore the visual function in glaucoma patients. Stem cells are classified into embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells and adult stem cells according to their sources. Delivery of stem cells for glaucoma treatment include intracameral, intravitreous, subretinal and suprachoroid injection. The main purpose of stem cell therapy for glaucoma include repairing damaged trabecular meshwork to reduce intraocular pressure and replacing/repairing damaged RGCs. At present, the main obstacles in stem cell transplantation in the treatment of glaucoma include operation safety, tumorigenicity, immune rejection. Transplantation of the extraction of mesenchymal stem cell exosomes and extracellular vesicles may be one of the safe and effective treatment approaches in stem cell therapy.