Abstract: Children's visual screening plays an important role in the early detection and intervention of potential eye diseases. With the continuous development of medical technology and an in-depth understanding of the development process of the visual system, the methods and standards of children's visual screening are constantly updated and improved. The main goals of children's visual screening are refractive errors, strabismus, amblyopia and their risk factors. The screening methods include direct vision testing and instrument-assisted visual inspections (photographic refractor, automatic refractor, pediatric visual scanner, etc.). Direct vision test does not require professional and technical personnel, and the cost is low, but it has requirements for children's age and degree of cooperation. The instrumental examination covers a wide range of subjects and has high sensitivity, but requires professional and technical personnel to operate, which is costly and easily leads to excessive referrals. Although there is no unified visual screening program, there is a clear consensus on the screening items, referral criteria, and risk factors that can be carried out by children of all ages. To achieve the universalization and standardization of children's visual screening, many aspects still need to work hard and improve.(Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2021, 45: 123-130)

Key words: children, vision screening