Abstract: A successful eyelid surgery depends on a thorough understanding of its anatomic structure and function. Recently, more and more researches focused on the advances in subtle structures of upper eyelid anatomy. In this review, we introduce new findings of these subtle structures, including levator palpebrae superioris(LPS), levator aponeurosis, Müller's muscle, orbital septum, myoneural junction of the LPS muscle, adipose tissue in the upper eyelid, ligament system in the upper eyelid, and further discuss implications related to surgeries.  (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2012, 36: 78-83)