Abstract: Currently, the main therapeutic strategies for retinal vein occlusion-associated macular edema macular edema (RVO-ME) encompass intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents and corticosteroids. The clinical efficacy of dexamethasone intravitreal implant (Ozurdex) for the treatment of RVO-ME in improving visual acuity and reducing central macular thickness (CMT) is superior to that of anti-VEGF drugs at 1 month, and there is no statistically significant difference in clinical efficacy between the two drug types within 3 months post-injection, while Ozurdex needs to be re-injected within 6 months post-injection to maintainits favorable efficacy. When the two types of drugs are combined, either in a spaced or simultaneous injection regimen, they have similar or even better efficacy than monotherapy while reducing the frequency of injections. Meanwhile, intravitreal injections of these two types of drug can cause ocular complications such as high intraocular pressure, concurrent cataracts, endophthalmitis, retinal tears, vitreous hemorrhage, and corneal damage. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2024, 48:  267-272)

Key words: dexamethasone intravitreal implant, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor, retinal vein occlusion, macular edema