Abstract: Myopia has become an urgent problem in global public health. Low-intensity red light therapy has been shown to be effective in delaying axial elongation in a non-invasive manner, but its mechanism remains unclear. Low-intensity red light therapy is based on the principle that specific molecules absorb photons and respond to light signals, resulting in changes in the electronic excited state of molecules, temporarily changing their structure and function, and achieving highly specific and targeted biological regulation. The regulation of axial length involves a complex cascade of reactions that begins in the retina and affects the sclera. Light exposure is closely related to axial elongation. Previous studies have indicated that the visual stimulation elicited by low-intensity red light is received by retinal neurons and generates signals, which are transduced through the retinal pigment epithelium and choroid to the sclera, leading to the release of neurotransmitters, alterations in choroidal blood flow, and scleral remodeling. This review explores the relationship between low-intensity red light therapy and axial regulation, investigating the mechanisms by which low-intensity red light slows down axial growth. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2024, 48:  426-432)

Key words: low intensity red light, myopia, axial elongation