Abstract: Dyslexia is common in children with strabismus or amblyopia, resulting from the abnormal binocular function or cognitive behavioral ability. Cognitive behavior ability consists of perception, attention, memory, comprehension, language, intellection and study. Researches had shown that children with strabismus or amblyopia performed abnormal perceptual analytical ability, fine visual analytical ability, selective attention and visual working memory. And these deficiencies were considered to be correlated with abnormal visual input and abnormal development of cerebral visual pathway.

Key words: Strabismus, Amblyopia, Cognitive behavior, Attention, Visual working memory