Abstract: Ophthalmic surgery, characterized by its delicate operations and low tolerance for error, places extremely high demands on the precision and stability of surgical instruments. As a new technology, ophthalmic surgical robots may assist ophthalmologists in performing more refined surgical procedures. Through the design of Remote Center of Motion (RCM) mechanisms, these robots achieve micron-level operational precision, significantly reducing the impact of physiological hand tremors. Currently, ophthalmic surgical robots have been applied in various fields, including orbital surgery, corneal surgery, cataract surgery, and vitreoretinal surgery. Representative systems such as MICRON, the Preceyes Surgical System, and IRISS have demonstrated excellent performance in laboratory or clinical trials. Future development trends of ophthalmic surgical robots include the integration of intraoperative OCT and femtosecond laser technologies to enhance surgical visualization and stability, the expansion of medical accessibility through 5G telesurgery, and the deep integration of artificial intelligence to advance autonomous surgical strategies. Although ophthalmic surgical robots hold great promise, challenges remain, such as miniaturization design, real-time feedback delays, clinical validation, and surgeon training.

Key words: Robotic surgical procedures, Ophthalmology, Telemedicine, Artificial intelligence