Abstract: With advances in optical design and optometric techniques, the functions of spectacle lenses have evolved from merely correcting refractive errors to partially preventing and slowing the onset and progression of myopia. Iteratively upgraded functional defocus spectacle lenses restrain excessive axial elongation and retard myopic progression based on the principle of peripheral retinal defocus, thereby exerting definite myopia-control efficacy. Such lenses feature safe and comfortable wear with high compliance. Four major mainstream categories are currently available: defocus incorporated multiple segments, highly aspherical lenslets technology, cylindrical annular refractive element and diffusion optics technology, which have become crucial interventions for myopia control in children and adolescents.

Key words: Myopia prevention and control, Retinal peripheral defocus, Functional defocused frame glasses