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Table of Content

    25 February 2024, Volume 48 Issue 1
    Research progress on the application of premium intraocular lenses in glaucoma patients
    Wu Renyi, , , Zheng Tan
    2024, 48(1):  1-7.  doi:10.3760/ cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2024.01.001
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    Due to the increasing demand for vision and spectacle independence among patients, as well as technological advancements, premium intraocular lenses (IOLs), including presbyopia correction IOLs and astigmatism correction IOLs, are increasingly being adopted in clinical practice. Existing studies have shown that some glaucoma patients implanted with premium IOLs have a high rate of spectacle independence, excellent visual acuity, and comparable contrast sensitivity to healthy subjects, with high postoperative patient satisfaction. However, there is currently a lack of sufficient evidence to support the safety ofpremium IOL implantation in patients with advanced glaucoma. When combining cataract extraction surgery with certain glaucoma surgeries, premium IOLs should be carefully selected, as there may be other intraoperative and postoperative factors that affect the visual quality after surgery. Premium IOL often has better results in suspected glaucoma patients, patients with high intraocular pressure, and glaucoma patients with good early disease control. The selection of IOL should be comprehensively considered based on the patient's expected refractive outcome, glaucoma subtypes, the type and severity of glaucoma visual field defects, and the type of glaucoma surgery. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2024, 48: 1-7)

    The relationship between exercise and intraocular pressure, ocular blood flow perfusion, and optic nerve protection#br#
    Lin Jingjing, Liang Yuanbo, Nie Li
    2024, 48(1):  8-14.  doi:10.3760/ cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2024.01.002
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    Exercise therapy, as an auxiliary treatment for glaucoma, recently has attracted broad attention. Previous clinical studies have confirmed that exercise can reduce intraocular pressure and improve ocular perfusion in healthy people and glaucoma patients. In addition, animal experiments have shown that exercise also has a certain protective effect on the optic nerve. This article reviewed the research on the relationship between exercise and intraocular pressure, ocular perfusion, and neuroprotection, as well as the related mechanisms, to further promote the application of exercise therapy in clinical practice. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2024, 48: 8-14)
    Transscleral cyclophotocoagulation with micropulse laser for refractory glaucoma
    Tao De, Zhang Tiemin, Su Yufang, Yang Yajun
    2024, 48(1):  15-19.  doi:10.3760/ cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2024.01.003
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    This article summarizes 8 foreign research articles on the treatment of refractory glaucoma with transscleral cyclophotocoagulation with micropulse laser (MP-TSCPC). There were a total of 453 eyes with refractory glaucoma, including more than 33 eyes with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma, 43 eyes with chronic angle-closure glaucoma, more than 58 eyes with neovascular glaucoma, and more than 264 eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma. Most patients had previously undergone incisional glaucoma surgery or had a history of failed glaucoma surgery. Laser power was from 1.6 to 2 W. The duration of treatment lasts between 100 to 360 seconds, and the total energy used was within range of 62 to 225 J.  Follow-up time was from 2 to 18 months, and the success rate was from 33.3% to 73.7%. The preoperative highest intraocular pressure (IOP) was (39.1±13.84) mmHg, and the postoperative lowest IOP was (11.1±4.4) mmHg. The maximum number of anti-glaucoma eyedrops used preoperatively was 4, while postoperatively it was reduced to a minimum of 1.5 eyedrops. Most postoperative complications were anterior chamber inflammatory reactions, with 2 cases of eyeball atrophy and 15 cases of hypotony being the most severe complications. The studies showed that MP-TSCPC can effectively reduce IOP in refractory glaucoma and is a new treatment modality for refractory glaucoma. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2024, 48:  15-19)
    Mini-scleral contact lenses for ocular surface diseases
    Yang Xinyu, Chen Luxia
    2024, 48(1):  20-24.  doi:10.3760/ cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2024.01.004
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    Scleral contact lens (SCL) is a large-diameter, rigid, breathable contact lens. It is not contact with the cornea and is completely supported by the sclera. In recent years, SCL can form a tear reservoir between the posterior surface of the lens and the anterior surface of the cornea, neutralize optical aberrations to provide clear and stable vision for patients with corneal irregularities, due to the continuous improvement of its safety in clinical application, SCL has become a widely accepted new treatment method and can also effectively treat a variety of ocular surface diseases. In order to make the wearing of the lenses more convenient and comfortable, the SCL has been continuously updated in material and design, resulting in the emergence of mini SCL, which not only retain the advantages of SCL, have better application advantages in clinical applications, but also are easier to wear and have a wider range of applications. Mini-SCL can be used to treat primary or secondary irregular corneas, also can effectively treat dry eye caused by a variety of ocular surface diseases. In addition, Mini-SCL can also be combined with drugs to increase the efficacy of the drug. This article briefly describes the application, adverse reactions and related research progress of mini-SCL in ocular surface diseases, in order to provide reference for clinical treatment. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2024, 48: 20-24)
    Fluid misdirection syndrome during cataract surgery
    Zuo Jiamu, Wan Xiuhua
    2024, 48(1):  25-28.  doi:10.3760/ cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2024.01.005
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    Fluid misdirection syndrome during cataract surgery is a rare and serious complication, characterized by an immediate increase in intraocular pressure, iris anterior movement and shallow anterior chamber, excluding iris hyphema. The pathological mechanism involves the accumulation of fluid between the posterior chamber and the anterior hyaloid membrane. Its risk factors include high intraocular pressure and thinning of the lens capsule. To prevent fluid misdirection syndrome, adequate assessment and meticulous operation during surgery are important. Currently, pars-plana fluid aspiration is the primary treatment method for this condition. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2024, 48: 25-28)
    Research progress of exosomal miRNAs in the treatment of ophthalmic diseases
    Chang Xueke, Wang Yange, Gao Youge, Hou Huimin, Song Zongming
    2024, 48(1):  29-34.  doi:10.3760/ cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2024.01.006
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    Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles containing DNA, RNA, proteins, and many other cellular components. The miRNAs in exosomes are protected from degradation by ribonucleases thus mediate intercellular information exchange, and further involved in many physiological or pathological processes such as cell proliferation and apoptosis, inflammatory response, oxidative damage and neovascularization. Exosomal miRNAs in the eye come from a wide range of sources and are differentially expressed in many ophthalmic diseases, thus having an important regulatory role in ophthalmic disease development and progression. Therefore, the study of exosomal miRNAs is expected to provide new targets for the treatment of ophthalmic diseases and provide experimental basis for the development of new drugs. This article reviewed the research progress of exosomal miRNAs in the treatment of ophthalmic diseases. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2024, 48:  29-34)

    The influence factors of  rotational stability of Toric introcular lens
    Tian Gengqi, Zhang Fengyan
    2024, 48(1):  35-40.  doi:10.3760/ cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2024.01.007
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    The Toric introcular lens (IOL) is the main way to solve larger corneal astigmatism in cataract patients, and its rotational stability is one of the main factors determining its postoperative corrective effect. The axial rotation of Toric IOLs is affected by various factors such as preoperative marking, intraoperative alignment, self-rotation, capsular bag fibrosis, and surgical methods. Only by fully understanding the effect factors and targeting the individual characteristics of the patient can we better minimize the occurrence of postoperative rotation. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2024, 48: 35-40)

    Perioperative risk assessment and intraoperative complications management of congenital iris-choroid coloboma with cataract
    Wang Zhenyu, Jia Yuxuan, Song Xudong
    2024, 48(1):  41-45.  doi:10.3760/ cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2024.01.008
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    Cataract is one of the important complications of congenital iris-choroid coloboma. Surgery is the only treatment at present. In order to achieve an ideal postoperative effect, the ophthalmologists should use various methods to exam and evaluate the patients’ cornea, anterior chamber, lens, zonule and fundus before surgery, design a surgical plan, and make plans for intraoperative complications such as ectopia lentis, capsule rupture or tear of lens, Descemet membrane detachment. The use of pupilexpander in cataract surgery, combined with pupilloplasty or artificial iris implantation, can improve postoperative visual quality and may be clinically applicable.  (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2024, 48:  41-45)

    Research status of presbyopia treatment
    Yao Qinnan, Wan Xinhua
    2024, 48(1):  46-50.  doi:10.3760/ cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2024.01.009
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    Nowadays, there are many clinical strategies to correct presbyopia including wearing frame glasses and contact lens correction, corneal and lens surgery, pupil constriction and lens softener drugs treatment, comprehensive adjustment recovery treatment, etc, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages, however, there is no real way to restore accommodation. This article reviews the progress of presbyopia correction modalities, surgical approaches and drug therapies. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2024, 48:  46-50)

    Advances in the study of retinal peripheral defocusing theory
    Wu Xiaomei, Li Shuangle
    2024, 48(1):  51-55.  doi:10.3760/ cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2024.01.010
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    The theory of peripheral retinal defocus is currently the mainstream theory for myopia prevention and control. Based on the retinal peripheral defocus technology, there are orthokeratology, defocus soft lenses, defocus frame glasses, etc., all of which are in the process of lowering retinal defocus to control the growth of myopia, and they have achieved a better effect for myopia prevention and control. Based on the theory of retinal peripheral defocus, our independently developed multispectral refractive topography (MRT) can quantify the retinal hyperopic defocus, and this breakthrough technology once again verifies that retinal peripheral defocus is the focus of myopia prevention and control. In this article, we review the application and progress of retinal peripheral defocus. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2024, 48:  51-55)

    Application of rigid gas-permeable corneal contact lens correcting hyperopia in children
    Xu Kaihua, You Yuxia
    2024, 48(1):  56-59.  doi:10.3760/ cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2024.01.011
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    Rigid gas-permeable corneal contact lens (RGP) is a safe, effective, and tolerable refractive correction method for children due to its superior oxygen permeability, low bacterial and protein adhesion compared to traditional soft contact lenses. Due to the broad range of diopter correction and absence of prismatic effects compared to spectacles, it is increasingly recommended for vision correction in hyperopic children, especially in cases of high hyperopia, hyperopic amblyopia, hyperopic anisometropia, and aphakic eyes.  (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2024, 48:  56-59)

    Application of microperimeter in the diagnosis and treatment of eccentric fixation amblyopia
    Wang Shaoyi, Wang Jiawei, Xi Ruijie, Chai Song
    2024, 48(1):  60-63.  doi:10.3760/ cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2024.01.012
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    Amblyopia is a common vision disorder among children. According to the characteristic of fixation, it can be divided into central fixation amblyopia and eccentric fixation amblyopia. The eccentric fixation amblyopia has poor prognosis, and the best time for treatment is easily missed. It is necessary to diagnose and systematically treat eccentric amblyopia in time, and the emergence of microperimeter provides a new idea to solve this problem. This article reviews the progress of clinical treatment of eccentric fixation amblyopia in recent years, aiming to provide help for the correct diagnosis and treatment of the disease. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2024, 48:  60-63)

    Characterization and clinical significance of hyperreflective retinal spots as OCT biomarkers in retinal diseases
    Meng Yan, Chen Wei, Chen Yixun, Zhao Lijuan, Ji Min, Guan Huaijin
    2024, 48(1):  64-68.  doi:10.3760/ cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2024.01.013
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    Among the retina and choroid layers in OCT, many biomarkers have been found, and hyperreflective retinal spots (HRS) are the most prominent. It is defined as a small bright spot with a clear boundary, no posterior projection, a diameter of less than or equal to 30 μm, and a reflectivity greater than or equal to that of the RPE layer. Its origin has not been precisely determined. Increasing evidence shows that the histopathological correlates of HRS are not singular, and there is a relationship between migrating retinal pigment epithelium cells, lipophilic macrophages, microglia, and exudative protein or lipid substances. This article reviews the imaging characteristics, clinical characteristics, and clinical treatment of HRS. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2024, 48: 64-68)

    The mechanism of pathogenesis and treatment of myopic traction maculopathy
    Bai Yang, Li Haoru, Sui Jinyuan, Wei Ruihua
    2024, 48(1):  69-74.  doi:10.3760/ cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2024.01.014
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    Myopic traction maculopathy(MTM)is a primary complication that causes blindness in patients with high myopia. Anterior retinal traction (vitreous traction, anterior retinal traction, and inner limiting membrane traction), posterior retinal traction (posterior scleral staphyloma, axial elongation), and retinal factors are thought to be the main mechanisms in its pathogenesis.The treatment of myopic traction maculopathy is mainly surgery, and there are different surgical options for different traction forces, such as pars plana vitrectomy, internal limiting membrane removal, epiretinal membrane removal, posterior scleral reinforcement and macular buckling, etc. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2024, 48:  69-74)


    Visualization analysis of traditional Chinese medicine treatment of uveitis in CNKI based on Citespace 
    Cai Xiaotong, , , Zhang Dazheng, , , Liu Ming, , Huang Lihong, , , Chen Xinyu, , , Lin Jianzhi, , Zhou Jing, , Xie Tao, , , Zhong Juan, , Liumu Jiexin, , Qian Kehong,
    2024, 48(1):  75-80.  doi:10.3760/ cma.j.issn.1673-5803.2024.01.015
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    ObjectiveTo explore the current research situation, trends, and hotspots of traditional Chinese medicine treatment of uveitis in China. MethodsThis study conducted a quantitative analysis of academic journals on the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from December 27, 1955 to December 31, 2022 using the data analysis software CiteSpace 6.1R6. ResultsAfter screening, 514 articles were included. The statistical analysis of annual publication volume showed an overall upward trend in this research area and a plateau in the last two years. This field has formed a close core writer group centered on Hao Xiaobo and Bi Hongsheng. The research hotspots include the substitution or combination of traditional Chinese medicine with hormone drugs to reduce side effects, new traditional Chinese medicine treatment methods such as traditional Chinese medicine fumigation and acupoint catgut embedding, and the impact of traditional Chinese medicine treatment on immune mechanisms. ConclusionThe development of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of uveitis is in a steady progress stage, focusing on clinical observation, lacking basic experimental research, and basic theory and mechanism research are still in the development stage. Scholars and institutions in China need to further strengthen cooperation and in-depth research to explore new areas of traditional Chinese medicine treatment for uveitis. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2024, 48: 75-80, Cover III)