Meibomian gland cysts (chalazion) is a common disease of the eyelid, caused by retention of tarsal gland secretions. There are many in vivo imaging techniques for observing the tissue morphology changes of the meibomian glands. There are many reasons for developing chalazion, which including viral infection, blepharitis, helicobacter pylori, rosacea, Demodex brevis, low vitamin A level, androgen level, smoking and tension. Demodex brevis is a risk factor for both development and recurrence of chalazion, while low serum vitamin A is associated with a chalazion in young children. The treatment options of chalazion include conservative treatment, intralesional steroid injections and incision and curettage. Intralesional triamcinolone (TA) injection is as effective as incision and curettage in primary chalazion. TA injection may be considerd as an alternative first-line treatment in case where diagnosis is straightforward. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2015, 39：145-151)
