眼科 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 359-365.doi: 10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2026.05.002

• 专家讲座 • 上一篇    下一篇

眼底的黑色素

黄厚斌   

  1. 中国人民解放军总医院眼科医学部,北京100853;中国人民解放军总医院海南医院眼科,海南三亚 572013
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-29 出版日期:2026-09-25 发布日期:2026-09-18
  • 通讯作者: Email:536273642@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    海南省重点研发计划高新技术项目(ZDYF2024GXJS032)

Melanin in ocular fundus

Huang Houbin   

  1. Senior Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Hainan Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Sanya Hainan 572013, China
  • Received:2025-12-29 Online:2026-09-25 Published:2026-09-18
  • Contact: Email:536273642@qq.com
  • Supported by:
    High and New Technology Project of Hainan Key Research and Development Plan (ZDYF2024GXJS032)

摘要:  眼底黑色素主要位于视网膜色素上皮细胞和脉络膜黑色素细胞内,近红外光眼底自发荧光主要来源于眼底黑色素,因此可资以评估视网膜色素上皮细胞以及脉络膜黑色素细胞的功能状态,因为脱色素往往是这些细胞出现功能障碍的早期表现。本文对黑色素的种类、黑色素体的形成、黑色素的化学成分和合成、毒理学性质、光保护作用、随年龄的变化、光谱特性以及临床应用等进行了系统梳理,以期提高对近红外光眼底自发荧光成像的认识,有利于目前视网膜色素上皮相关疾病的基因诊断治疗的广泛开展。

关键词: 黑色素, 近红外光眼底自发荧光, 视网膜

Abstract: Melanin in ocular fundus is mainly located in retinal pigment epithelia and choroidal melanocytes. Beingmainly derived from melanin, near-infrared fundus auto-fluorescence can be used to evaluate the functions of retinal pigment epithelia and choroidal melanocytes, because depigmentation is often an early sign of dysfunction in these cells. This article systematically reviews the types of melanin, the formation of melanosomes, the chemical composition and synthesis of melanin, its toxicological properties, photoprotective effects, changes with age, spectral characteristics and associated clinical applications. The purpose is to improve the understanding of near-infrared fundus autofluorescence imaging, which is of great benefit in the current era when genetic diagnosis and treatment of retinal pigment epithelium-related diseases are about to be widely carried out.

Key words:  Melanin, Near-infrared fundus autofluorescence, Retina