Abstract:  Objective To evaluate the teaching efficacy of video display system combined with problem-based learning (PBL) on pediatric eyelid defect diseases. Design Retrospective comparative teaching study. Participants 25 residents were analyzed retrospectively. Methods 12 residents accepted the traditional teaching mode and 13 residents accepted the reformed teaching mode, which was a new approach using video display system and PBL. The differences of teaching effects between the groups were compared. Main Outcome Measures The accuracy of disease diagnosis, the correct identification of important surgical steps and the mastery of basic ocular plastic microscopy. Results In the traditional teaching group, the accuracy of disease diagnosis was 58.3% (8/12), the correct recognition rate of important surgical steps was 50.0% (6/12), and the mastery rate of basic ophthalmoplasty microscopy was 41.7% (5/12). The outcome measures of the reform teaching group were 100% (13/13), 92.3% (12/13) and 92.3% (12/13), respectively. There were significant differences between the two groups (P=0.039, 0.030, 0.011). Conclusion Teaching effect of video display system of surgical microscope combining PBL teaching model has been significantly improved. （Ophthalmol CHN, 2022, 31: 160-164）

Key words: ophthalmopathy, video display, problem-based learning teaching