Abstract: Objective To investigate the effect of anisodine hydrobromide injection on proliferative diabetic retinopathy （PDR） after vitrectomy surgery. Design Perspestive comparative case series. Participants Forty four selected PDR cases (44 eyes) without improvement of visual acuity 7 days after vitrectomy surgery or  fresh bleeding within the retina. Methods Patients were randomly assigned to the compound anisodine hydrobromide injection treatment group（group A, 22 eyes of 22 patients) or to the blank control group that received vitamin B tablets（group B: 22 eyes of 22 patients and 6 lost of follow-up). All groups received the treatment during 28 days. Color-Doppler Ultrasound parameters of retinal vessels and the best corrected visual acuity were evaluated before and after treatment. Main Outcome Measures Best corrected visual acuity, the ophthalmic artery peak systolic velocity（PSV）, end diastolic velocity（EDV）, averaged maximum velocity （TAMV）, the resistance index（RI） and pulsatility index（PI）. Results Fourteen eyes in group A (63.6%) and 3 eyes in group B (18.8%) had visual acuity improvement. The visual acuity of group A was significantly improved after treatment（χ2=5.84，P=0.016） while in group B there was no significant change. In group A, the ophthalmic artery PSV（t=8.44，P=0.000）, the EDV（t=4.52，P=0.000）and the TAMV（t=3.77，P=0.001） increased significantly whereas the RI（t=2.92，P=0.006） and PI （t=3.69，P=0.001）decreased. After treatment, hemodynamic parameters were significantly improved. Conclusions The treatment of PDR patients after vitrectomy with compound anisodine hydrobromide could improve the retinal blood supply and visual acuity. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2013, 22: 126-129)

Key words: compound anisodine hydrobromide, diabetic retinopathy, vitrectomy, color Doppler ultrasound