Abstract: In recent years, the prevalence of myopia has continued to rise, becoming a significant challenge to global public health. In 2024, the guideline "Myopia: Causes, Prevention, and Treatment of an Increasingly Common Disease," published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, formally reclassifies myopia as a disease for the first time and proposes targeted prevention and management strategies. This article will interpret the main updates of the guideline and explore how to apply these guiding principles in clinical practice. Through an in-depth understanding of the guideline, the aim is to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents, promote public awareness of myopia issues, and ultimately enhance vision health outcomes. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2025, 34: 6-9)

Key words: myopia prevention and control, guideline interpretation