Abstract:  Retinal embolization is the main cause of occlusive retinal vascular diseases such as retinal artery occlusion. Retinal emboli have been regarded as solid and rigid substances. This article systemically reviewed the historical recognition of retinal emboli, and analyzed the sources, components, characteristics and differentiation of various retinal emboli. Although retinal emboli consist of cholesterol, calcific and platelet-fibrin ones, most retinal emboli, coming form atheroma, are cholesterol Hollenhorst plaque and gruel but not solid materials. We clarify some fallible perceptions and it is helpful to improve the understanding for occlusive retinal vasculopathies. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2025, 34: 88-99)

Key words:  retinal emboli, occlusive retinal vascular diseases