Table of Content

25 March 2025, Volume 34 Issue 2

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Screening, diagnosis, and treatment guidelines for cytomegalovirus retinitis in HIV-infected patients (2025)

Ophthalmology Group of China Alliance for Rare Diseases/Beijing Society of Rare Disease Clinical Care and Accessibility

2025, 34(2):  81-87.  doi:10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2025.02.001

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 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals are prone to opportunistic infections due to immunosuppression, with cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) being the most vision-threatening retinal disease. Untreated CMVR can lead to irreversible vision loss. In China, uneven distribution of primary healthcare resources and insufficient retinal screening rates among HIV-infected populations, coupled with the lack of standardized protocols for CMVR management, hinder timely intervention. This guideline focuses on CMVR as the core subject, establishing a comprehensive "screening-diagnosis-treatment-follow-up" framework based on multicenter evidence. It optimizes screening pathways by integrating ophthalmoscopy and ultra-widefield fundus photography, clarifies antiviral strategies for induction and maintenance phases, and proposes a CD4+T lymphocyte-stratified follow-up mechanism. For the first time, this guideline advocates a multidisciplinary collaboration model led by infectious disease hospitals to standardize CMVR management. It aims to reduce blindness rates, improve vision-related quality of life, and provide Chinese practice references for global HIV-related ocular disease prevention and control. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2025, 34: 81-87)

Retinal emboli

Huang Houbin

2025, 34(2):  88-99.  doi:10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2025.02.002

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 Retinal embolization is the main cause of occlusive retinal vascular diseases such as retinal artery occlusion. Retinal emboli have been regarded as solid and rigid substances. This article systemically reviewed the historical recognition of retinal emboli, and analyzed the sources, components, characteristics and differentiation of various retinal emboli. Although retinal emboli consist of cholesterol, calcific and platelet-fibrin ones, most retinal emboli, coming form atheroma, are cholesterol Hollenhorst plaque and gruel but not solid materials. We clarify some fallible perceptions and it is helpful to improve the understanding for occlusive retinal vasculopathies. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2025, 34: 88-99)

Outcomes comparation of selective laser trabeculoplasty between initial and adjunctive treatment

Zhu Jing, Sun Yi, Tian Xuelian, Guo Juan

2025, 34(2):  102-107.  doi:10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2025.02.003

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Objective To study the effects of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) on intraocular pressure (IOP) and number of glaucoma medications used in Chinese eyes. Design Retrospective case series. Participants 77 eyes of 65 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG, n=40) and ocular hypertension (OHT, n=37) were included. Among them, there were 34 males and 31 females with an average age of (49.63±18.91) years. Methods SLT were used as an adjuvant therapy (n=40) or as first-line treatment (n=37). Statistical analysis was performed on intraocular pressure(IOP) and the number of eye-drops used in different groups before surgery, 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, and 36 months after surgery. Main Outcome Measures IOP and number of eye-drops used. Results As an adjuvant therapy, SLT was used to treat patients with POAG and OHT. The IOP before treatment was (22.63±2.15) mmHg in the POAG group and (23.48±1.83) mmHg in the OHT group; The IOP was significantly decreased at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after treatment compared with that before surgery (all P<0.05). The average IOP was (17.97±4.22) mmHg in the POAG group and (19.61±3.19) mmHg in the OHT group; At 6, 12, and 36 months after treatment, the average IOP was (21.15±1.79) mmHg in the POAG group and (21.08±2.49) mmHg in the OHT group, and there was no significant difference in IOP before and after treatment (all P>0.05). Before treatment, average number of eye-drops used was (3.55±0.60) in the POAG group, and (2.94±0.73) in OHT group. After treatment, the average number of eye-drops used decreased to (2.49±0.62) (POAG group) and (2.13±0.73) (OHT group) after 36 months, which were lower than the baseline (all P<0.05). SLT used as first-line treatment, the IOP was (25.77±2.62) mmHg in POAG group, and (27.26±2.12) mmHg in OHT group before treatment. After treatment, the IOP of both groups at each time point was significantly lower than that before treatment (both P<0.05), with an average of (21.28±2.75) mmHg for the POAG group and (21.9±2.21) mmHg for the OHT group. Conclusion SLT has the same therapeutic effect on POAG and OHT. As an auxiliary treatment, SLT reduced IOP for only 3 months, meanwhile SLT reduced the number of glaucoma drugs used significantly. As first-line treatment, SLT provided a drop-free IOP control to patients for at least 36 months. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2025, 34: 102-107)

Investigation of the inhibitory effects of gentiopicroside on the proliferation and migration of human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts

Li Yawen, Tang Yizhen, Guo Hongtao, Tang Guangxian, Yan Xiaowei, Geng Yulei, Zhang Hengli

2025, 34(2):  110-115.  doi:10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2025.02.004

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 Objective To observe and analyze the inhibitory effects of gentiopicroside (GPS) on the proliferation and migration abilities of human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts (HTCF) cultured in vitro. Design Experiment study. Participants Human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts. Methods Human Tenon's capsular tissue was obtained during the strabismus correction surgery at our hospital. HTCF were identified through immunofluorescence staining, and the well-cultivated third to fifth generation HTCF were utilized in the experiment. The drug groups were established with GPS concentrations of 5, 10, 20, 35, 45 and 50 μg/mL, respectively, and the negative control group with a GPS concentration of 0 μg/mL (NC group) was also set. CCK-8 assay was employed to measure the cell proliferation capabilities of HTCF in the various groups at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. Cell scratch assay was used to examine the cell migration abilities of HTCF in various groups at 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. Main Outcome Measures The cell identification, cell proliferation amount and cell migration amount. Results Cultured cells grew well. The positive immunoreactivity for Vimentin and fibronectin (FN1) was observed. Specifically, Vimentin manifested as uniform red fluorescence and fibronectin as uniform green fluorescence within the cytoplasm, respectively, while the DAPI stains the nucleus with blue fluorescence. CCK-8 assay showed that significant differences in cell proliferation ability among HTCF incubated for 48, 72 and 96 h with various concentrations of GPS (F48h=14.947, F72h =25.683, F96h =131.392, all P＜0.001). The cell proliferation ability of HTCF in the GPS drug groups with concentrations of 35, 45 and 50 μg/mL was significantly reduced at 48, 72 and 96 h, there were significant differences compared with the NC group (all P＜0.01). The scratch assay results indicated that, in contrast to the NC group, no significant differences were found in the cell migration abilities of all GPS drug groups at 6, 12 and 24 h (all P＞0.05). At 30 h, the HTCF in the NC group, as well as those in the GPS drug groups with concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 μg/mL, had closed. Nevertheless, when compared with the NC group, the cell migration abilities in the GPS drug groups with concentrations of 35, 45 and 50 μg/mL were significantly decreased at 30 h, and all these differences were statistically significant (all P<0.001). Conclusion GPS at a concentration of 35 μg/mL significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of HTCF. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2025, 34: 110-115)

Association of vision parameters with subjective visual impairment and quality of life in  patients with glaucoma

Guo Yan, Pang Ruiqi, Tian Zirong

2025, 34(2):  118-122.  doi:10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2025.02.005

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 Objective To analyze the association of various clinical visual parameters with the subjective symptoms and quality of life in glaucoma patients. Design Cross-sectional study. Participants A total of 101 eyes from 101 patients diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma at the Ophthalmology Outpatient Department of Beijing Tongren Hospital were included(the less affected fellow eye was included in the study). Method The patients underwent evaluation of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA, LogMAR), visual field (Humphrey perimetry, 24-2 standard mode), and contrast sensitivity (quick contrast sensitivity function）. Subjective symptoms were evaluated using the Glaucoma Symptom Scale (GSS), while quality of life was assessed with the Glaucoma Quality of Life-15 (GQL-15) Questionnaire. Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between subjective questionnaire responses and visual parameters. For parameters that showed statistically significant correlations, further multiple linear regression analysis should be performed. Main Outcome Measures GSS score, GQL-15 score, visual field parameters, BCVA, contrast sensitivity parameters. Results In the 101 eyes, the mean visual field MD was (-5.59±5.30) dB, the mean BCVA was (0.004±0.049) LogMAR, and the mean area under log Contrast Sensitivity Function was 1.06±0.25. The correlation analysis showed that GSS scores were significantly correlated with the BCVA and the 12 cpd contrast sensitivity (all P<0.05), but were not significantly correlated with other visual parameters. The GQL-15 score were significantly correlated with the BCVA, the visual field MD value, the visual field PSD value, the VFI value, the area under log contrast sensitivity function, the contrast sensitivity function acuity, and the contrast sensitivity in 1, 1.5, 3, 6, 12, 18 cpd (all P<0.05). The regression analysis results showed that the MD value (P=0.028), the 12 cpd contrast sensitivity (P=0.027), and the BCVA (P=0.023) were significantly associated with the GQL-15 score after controlling for other factors. Conclusion In glaucoma patients, significant impairment in quality of life is associated with damage of visual field, best-corrected visual acuity, and contrast sensitivity.  (Ophthalmol CHN, 2025, 34: 118-122)

Efficacy analysis of orbital cavernous hemangioma via endoscopic nasal surgery

Ma Jingying, Huang Qian, Cui Shunjiu, Jiang Libin, Yang Bentao, Huang Zhenxiao, Sun Yan, Dong Yi, Zhou Bing

2025, 34(2):  123-129.  doi:10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2025.02.006

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Objective To analyze the effect of endoscopic transnasal surgery for orbital cavernous hemangioma(OCH). Design Retrospective case series. Participants 47 patients with OCH who underwent endoscopic transnasal surgery in the Department of Rhinology of Beijing Tongren Hospital from September 2008 to December 2024. Methods General information, clinical characteristics, examination results, surgical approaches and outcomes of the patients were collected. The clinical characteristics and surgical efficacy of the patients were analyzed. Main Outcome Measures Visual acuity, visual field, surgical modality, operation duration and intraoperative and postoperative complications. Results Among the 47 cases of OCH, 12 were extraconal, 34 were intraconal, and 1 was intranervous. Before surgery, 34 patients had decreased vision, 41 had visual field defects, 12 had exophthalmos, 4 had diplopia, and 9 had headache or eye pain. Total tumor resection was achieved in 35 cases, and 22 cases underwent reconstruction of the orbital wall with the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone. Six cases underwent orbital and optic nerve decompression, 1 case underwent partial tumor resection, orbital decompression, and optic nerve decompression, 1 case underwent orbital decompression and optic nerve decompression with intratumoral injection of bleomycin, 2 cases underwent partial tumor resection and orbital decompression, and 2 cases underwent only orbital decompression. The average follow-up period after surgery was （52.9±28.3） months. The preoperative mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in 34 patients presenting with visual impairment was 0.35±0.36, which improved to 0.56±0.38 postoperatively (P=0.001). Among 41 patients with visual field defects before surger, 33 showed a significant reduction in the extent of the defect after surgery. The mean deviation (MD) improved from (-21.23±8.29) dB preoperatively to (-12.78±9.75) dB postoperatively (P<0.001). All 12 patients with exophthalmos demonstrated marked improvement, with exophthalmometry measurements decreasing from (16.50±1.78) mm preoperatively to (14.08±1.78) mm postoperatively (P=0.002). Conclusion Endoscopic surgery via the nasal approach for OCH is a safe and effective method. The use of the perpendicular plate of the ethomoid bone for postoperative orbital wall reconstruction is an advantage of endosopic transnasal surgery.  (Ophthalmol CHN, 2025, 34: 123-129)

Exploration of the efficacy of erythropoietin in the treatment of traumatic optic neuropathy

Wang Yuhang, Xu Xintong, Li Yuyu, Chen Biyue, Sun Mingming, Xu Quangang, Zhou Huanfen, Wei Shihui

2025, 34(2):  131-136.  doi:10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2025.02.007

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Objective To evaluate the efficacy of erythropoietin (EPO) in the treatment of traumatic optic neuropathy (TON). Design A single-center, non-randomized, concurrent controlled study. Participants 85 TON patients (95 eyes) hospitalized in the Department of Ophthalmology at PLA General Hospital between January 2019 and January 2024. Methods Patients were divided into an EPO treatment group (45 cases, 50 eyes) and a control group (40 cases, 45 eyes) based on their consent to receive EPO therapy. All patients received neurotrophic and microcirculation-improving treatments. The EPO group received intravenous EPO for three consecutive days, while the control group did not undergo this or additional therapies. Follow-ups were conducted at 3 months and ≥12 months post-treatment. Demographic characteristics, clinical data, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) before and after treatment were collected. Visual prognosis was compared between groups, and influencing factors (treatment modality, age, sex, light perception, time to vision loss, history of coma, abnormal FVEP, presence of sphenoid/ethmoid sinus hemorrhage, orbital fractures/hematoma, optic canal fractures, history of optic canal decompression, and glucocorticoid therapy) were analyzed via univariate and multivariate analyses. Adverse effects of EPO were recorded. Visual improvement was defined as a BCVA decline of ≥0.3 LogMAR at follow-up. Main Outcome Measures BCVA before and after treatment, factors influencing efficacy, and adverse reactions. Results At 3 months post-treatment, 26 eyes (52.0%) in the EPO group showed visual improvement, significantly higher than 13 eyes (28.9%) in the control group (χ2=5.228, P=0.022). At ≥12 months post-treatment, 28 eyes (56.0%) in the EPO group demonstrated improvement, while the control group showed no changes, with a statistically significant difference (χ2=7.096, P=0.008). Five eyes in the EPO group exhibited continued BCVA improvement at ≥12 months, including 2 eyes without improvement at 3 months. Treatment modality, age, presence of sphenoid/ethmoid sinus hemorrhage, and abnormal FVEP were significantly associated with visual prognosis (all P<0.05). No significant adverse reactions were observed in the EPO group. Conclusion EPO therapy can moderately improve visual prognosis in TON patients and may serve as a clinical adjunctive treatment for TON. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2025, 34: 131-136)

Relationship between severity of diabetic retinopathy and blood glucose fluctuations and its influencing factors

Zhang Linqi, Ju Yuejun, Chen Ke, Wang Guanyi, Kong Yinghong

2025, 34(2):  137-141.  doi:10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2025.02.008

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Objective To analyze the relationship between severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and blood glucose fluctuations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its influencing factors. Design Retrospective case series. Participants Using convenience sampling method to select 168 T2DM patients admitted to Changshu Hospital from February 2021 to April 2023. Methods According to the severity of DR, the patients were divided into 88 cases in non-DR group (NDR), 59 cases in non-proliferative DR group (NPDR) and 21 cases in proliferative DR group (PDR). The basic data, laboratory indicators and 14-day continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) results were compared among the three groups. The influencing factors of progression of DR were explored by multivariate Logistic regression analysis, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was drawn. The predictive efficiency of time in range (TIR) and mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) on predicting the progression of DR was assessed. Main Outcome Measures TIR, mean blood glucose (MBG), standard deviation of blood glucose level (SDBG), MAGE. Results Age, diabetes course, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were manifested as NDR group<NPDR group<PDR group (all P<0.05). The TIR value was expressed as NDR group (79.78%±14.03%)>NPDR group (67.51%±12.75%)>PDR group (50.17%±10.18%) (all P<0.05), while the MBG level revealed NDR group [(8.15±1.76) mmol/L]<NPDR group [(8.77±1.89) mmol/L]<PDR group [(9.79±2.16) mmol/L] (all P<0.05). The SDBG level showed NDR group [(1.84±0.48) mmol/L]<NPDR group [(2.39±0.62) mmol/L]<PDR group [(2.68±0.75) mmol/L] (all P<0.05). The MAGE level was considered as NDR group [(4.33±1.04) mmol/L]<NPDR group [(5.48±1.34) mmol/L]<PDR group [(6.67±1.69) mmol/L] (all P<0.05). ROC curve analysis found that TIR<60.22%, MAGE>6.17 mmol/L and HbA1c>8.83% could all predict PDR (all P<0.05), and the areas under the curves were 0.918, 0.684 and 0.680, and TIR had the highest prediction efficiency (Z=3.105, 3.401; P=0.002, 0.001), and its sensitivity and specificity were 90.48% and 82.31%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that MAGE>6.17 mmol/L and TIR<60.22% were independent risk factors for PDR (all P<0.05). Conclusion The severity of DR in T2DM patients is closely related to the fluctuations of blood glucose. MAGE>6.17 mmol/L and TIR<60.22% will increase the risk of NDR and NPDR developing into PDR, and TIR and MAGE can be used as predictive indicators of NDR and NPDR. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2025, 34: 137-141)

Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of a Yi ethnic family with Stickler syndrome caused by COL2A1 gene mutation

Shi Meiyu, Zhang Yajuan, Wang Wenji, Zhao Hongchao, Ma Binbin, Chen Yanfang, Wang Xiang, Yang Hong

2025, 34(2):  142-145.  doi:10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2025.02.009

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Objective To explore the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of a Yi ethnic family with Stickler syndrome. Design Retrospective case series. Participants Six members of a Yi ethnic family with Stickler syndrome. Methods Detailed ophthalmic examinations were performed on the patients. Peripheral venous blood was collected from family members, and DNA was extracted. Pathogenic gene screening was conducted using next-generation sequencing technology. Sanger sequencing was employed for validation and family co-segregation analysis to identify pathogenic variant sites. The relationship between Stickler syndrome-associated gene variants and clinical features was investigated. Main Outcome Measures Pathogenic gene variants, ocular clinical manifestations, and systemic manifestations. Results The clinical features of the Stickler syndrome patients in this family included high myopia (3 cases), retinal detachment (2 cases), midface flattening (3 cases), and low nasal bridge (3 cases). Genetic sequencing revealed a heterozygous variant in the COL2A1 gene (c.2794C>T, p.) in the proband and four other affected family members, while this variant was absent in the phenotypically normal grandmother. Conclusion This Stickler syndrome family carries a heterozygous variant in the COL2A1 gene (c.2794C>T, p.), presenting with high myopia, retinal detachment, midface flattening, and low nasal bridge. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2025, 34: 142-145)

Experimental study on the influence of decentration on the optical properties of extended depth of focus intraocular lenses with different diopter

Qin Suyun, Liao Xuan, Lan Changjun, Xie Lixuan, Pan Ruolin, Tan Qingqing, Huang Huan, Wang Yan

2025, 34(2):  146-151.  doi:10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2025.02.010

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Objective To evaluate the impact of decentration on the optical quality of EDOF IOL with different diopters. Design Experimental study. Participants TECNIS Symfony ZXR00 EDOF IOL with different diopters. Methods OptiSpheric IOL R&D was used to evaluate the optical quality of the +10 D, +20 D, and +30 D ZXR00. Under the ISO-2 model cornea conditions, the defocus curves and defocus USAF images were obtained. The modulation transfer function (MTF) values at spatial frequencies of 50 lp/mm, MTF curves, and USAF resolution test charts were measured at each focal point of the IOL when the IOL was in the centered position and at decentration of 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, and 1.1 mm. Main Outcome Measures MTF values, MTF curves, and USAF resolution test charts. Results The USAF resolution test charts demonstrated that the ZXR00 maintained good and stable image quality within a defocus range of 0 D to 2.00 D. At the centered position, the 50  lp/mm MTF values for the +10 D, +20 D, and +30 D ZXR00 at the far focus were 0.391, 0.410, and 0.456, respectively, while at the intermediate focus, the values were 0.321, 0.381, and 0.362, respectively. When decentered by 0.3 mm, the MTF values of three types of diopter IOLs began to decline. And this decline continued at 0.5 mm decentration. The USAF images showed that three types of diopter IOLs maintained relatively good image quality within a decentration of 0.5 mm. With a decentration of 0.7 mm, the MTF values for the +10 D, +20 D, and +30 D IOLs at the far focus were 0.228, 0.255, and 0.332, respectively, with the USAF images showing a significant decline in image quality. The MTF curves revealed that IOLs with higher diopters experienced a smaller decline in optical quality at the far focus, while IOLs with lower diopters showed a smaller decline at the intermediate focus. After decentration, the MTF curves exhibited a greater decline in the high-frequency range and a smaller decline in the low-frequency range. At the spatial frequency of 25 lp/mm, lower-diopter IOLs were less affected. Conclusion The EDOF IOL ZXR00 demonstrated consistent and stable image quality from far to intermediate distances. Decentration had a negative impact on the optical quality of the IOLs. Within a decentration of 0.5 mm, the three types of diopter IOLs showed good resistance to decentration. The degree of negative impact varied among different diopter IOLs, and the effects on the far and intermediate focus also differed. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2025, 34: 146-151)

Consistency of total and simulated keratometry measurements using IOLMaster 700 and Pentacam AXL after FS-LASIK

Liu Qian, Yang Wenli, Zhai Changbin, Li Dongjun, Wang Ziyang, Chen Wei, Zhao Qi, Li Yifeng, Cui Rui, Shen Lin

2025, 34(2):  152-156.  doi:10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2025.02.011

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Objective To compare the differences and agreement of IOLMaster 700 and Pentacam AXL in measuring Total keratometry and SimK in patients after FS-LASIK. Design Diagnostic technique evaluation. Participants A total of 89 patients (89 eyes) with myopia who underwent FS-LASIK surgery at the Refractive Surgery Center of Beijing Tongren Hospital. Methods The following parameters were recorded: SimK1, SimK2, Total K1 (TK1), and Total K2 (TK2) from IOLMaster 700; and SimK1, SimK2, TNP K1, TNP K2, TCRP K1, and TCRP K2 from Pentacam AXL. Bland-Altman plots were used to assess the consistency between the two devices. Paired t-tests were performed to compare the differences in the same parameters obtained by the two measurement instruments. Bland-Altman plots were used to assess the consistency between the two devices. Main Outcome Measures SimK1, SimK2, TK1, TK2, TNP K1, TNP K2, TCRP K1, TCRP K2.  Results The SimK1 and SimK2 measured by the IOLMaster 700 were (37.36±1.62) D and (38.12±1.67) D, respectively, showing no statistically significant difference compared to the measurements by Pentacam AXL, which were (37.33±1.68) D and (38.01±1.75) D (t=0.546, 1.552; P=0.586, 0.124). The TK1 measured by IOLMaster 700 was (36.60±1.81) D, which was greater than the TNP K1 (35.50±1.70) D (t=13.072, P<0.001) and TCRP K1 (35.82±1.85) D (t=9.202, P<0.001) measured by Pentacam AXL. Similarly, the TK2 measured by IOLMaster 700 was (37.25±1.87) D, greater than the TNP K2 (36.13±1.70) D (t=12.829, P<0.001) and TCRP K2 (36.41±1.79) D (t=10.205, P<0.001) measured by Pentacam AXL. The 95% limits of agreement (LoA) for SimK1, SimK2, TK1-TNP K1, TK2-TNP K2, TK1-TCRP K1, and TK2-TCRP K2 between the two devices were -1.3~1.3 D, -1.2~1.5 D, -0.6~2.8 D, -0.6~2.9 D, -0.9~2.5 D, and -0.8~2.5 D, respectively. The number of points within the 95% LoA were 84 (94.4%), 84 (94.4%), 84 (94.4%), 84 (94.4%), 82 (92.1%), and 85 (95.5%), respectively. Conclusion The measurements of SimK1 and SimK2 between the IOLMaster 700 and Pentacam AXL showed good consistency, and the results can be used interchangeably. Although the measurements of TK1, TK2, TNP K1, TNP K2, TCRP K1, and TCRP K2 also demonstrated relatively good consistency, there were certain differences in the values, and thus the results are not recommended for interchangeable use. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2025, 34: 152-156)

Repair effect of Qihuang eye drops on corneal epithelial damage in experimental dry eyes

Liu Bowen, Li Qi, Liu Hongwei

2025, 34(2):  158-160.  doi:10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2025.02.012

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Objective To investigate the reparative effects of Qihuang eye drops on experimental dry eye-induced corneal epithelial injury. Design Experimental study. Participants Forty experimental animal rats. Methods A corneal epithelial injury model was established by excising the extraorbital lacrimal glands and instilling benzalkonium bromide solution. On day 2 post-modeling, corneal staining was assessed via slit-lamp microscopy, and corneal injury was scored based on staining area: 0 (no staining), 1 (<25%), 2 (25%~50%), 3 (>50%~75%), and 4 (>75%). Rats were divided into 5 groups (8 rats, 16 eyes per group) with matched baseline scores. The control group received solvent eye drops, while the other four groups were treated with 1.75%, 3.5%, or 7% Qihuang eye drops, or epidermal growth factor (EGF) eye drops. Corneal epithelial scores were re-evaluated on days 7, 14, and 21. The corneal epithelial lesion scores at various time point after treatment were compared among the groups. Main Outcome Measures Corneal epithelial injury scores. Results On day 7, the 7% Qihuang group (2.38±1.26) and EGF group (2.39±0.85) showed significantly lower scores than the control group (3.19±0.83). On day 14, all Qihuang groups (1.75%: 2.44±0.73; 3.5%: 2.44±0.78; 7%: 2.06±1.00) and the EGF group (2.28± 0.89) exhibited reduced scores compared to the control group (3.38±1.15). By day 21, the Qihuang groups (1.75%: 2.06±0.68; 3.5%: 1.83±0.71; 7%: 1.56±0.63) and EGF group (1.83±0.62) demonstrated further improvement, outperforming the control group (2.81±0.83). Conclusions Qihuang eye drops promote the repair of corneal epithelial injury in experimental dry eye, with the 3.5% concentration showing optimal efficacy of treatment. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2025, 34: 158-160)

Preliminary application of a centralized step-by-step teaching method for cataract surgery in ambulatory surgery pattern

Xie Hainan, Huang Houbin

2025, 34(2):  161-164.  doi:10.13281/j.cnki.issn.1004-4469.2025.02.013

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 Objective To explore the effectiveness of a centralized step-by-step teaching method for cataract surgery under ambulatory surgery pattern. Design Retrospective comparative study. Participants Fifteen young trainee doctors from Hainan Hospital of the PLA General Hospital were included. Among them, five received the traditional training model from 2014 to 2017 (Group 1), and ten received the centralized step-by-step training model after its reform from 2018 to 2023 (Group 2).  Methods In the traditional training model, doctors were responsible for comprehensive patient communication, medical record management, and surgical treatment. The centralized training model was divided into two phases: theoretical training and surgical skill training. The entire training process was completed under the guidance of the instructor for cataract surgery. After training, doctors from both groups independently performed routine cataract surgeries for three months. The training outcomes and experiences of the two groups were compared. Main Outcome Measures Operation time and incidence of complications in cataract surgery and training experience assessed using the Likert-type scale. Results Within three months post-training, the doctors of Group 1 independently completed 141 eyes of routine cataract surgeries, with an average complication rate of 11.35%. In contrast, the ten doctors of Group 2 independently completed 287 eyes of cataract surgeries, with an average complication rate of 6.62%. The difference in complication rates between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2=3.92, P=0.04). The average duration of a single surgery was (2215±857) seconds for the Group 1 and (1743±608) seconds for the Group 2, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (t=6.54, P=1.67). According to the Likert scale, there was no significant difference in the understanding of surgical steps before training between the two groups (P=0.075). However, the  scored of Group 2 higher in ease of mastering cataract surgery (P=0.001), reduced psychological burden during surgery (P=0.003), and satisfaction with the learning curve (P=0.001) compared to the Group 1. Conclusion The centralized step-by-step teaching model effectively improves the phacoemulsification cataract surgery skills of young ophthalmologists while ensuring the safety and efficacy of surgical procedures. (Ophthalmol CHN, 2025, 34: 161-164)