国际眼科纵览 ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (1): 25-31.doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115500-20240722-01005

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

白内障的药物防治研究进展

马琳1 黄林涛2 史航3 王万河2 吴利安3   

  1. 1 西安医学院,西安 710068;2 西北工业大学,西安 710072;3 西安市人民医院(西安市第四医院) 陕西省眼科医院西北大学附属人民医院,西安 710004
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-22 出版日期:2025-02-22 发布日期:2025-02-20
  • 通讯作者: 吴利安,Email:wla105@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    陕西省重点研发计划(2024SF-YBXM-323、2024SF-YBXM-335);西安市卫生健康委员会科研项目(2023yb13、2025zh02);西安市创新能力强基计划(22YXYJ0059、21YXYJ0047);西安人民医院(西安市第四医院)类博士后科研项目( 2022LBSH05);西安市第四医院科研孵化基金项目(LH-10、FZ-72)

Pathogenesis and potential drug  of cataract

Ma Lin1, Huang Lintao2, Shi Hang3, Wang Wanhe2, Wu Li'an3   

  1. 1 Graduate office of Xi'an Medical College, Xi'an Shaanxi 710068, China; 2Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710072, China; 3 Xi'an People's Hospital (fourth hospital in Xi'an) Shaanxi Ophthalmology Hospital Northwest University Affiliated People's Hospital, Xi'an Shaanxi 710004, China
  • Received:2024-07-22 Online:2025-02-22 Published:2025-02-20
  • Contact: Wu Li'an, Email: wla105@126. com
  • Supported by:
    Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi (2024SF-YBXM-323, 2024SF-YBXM-335); Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi (2024SF-YBXM-335); Xi'an Municipal Health Commission Project (2023yb13); Xi'an Municipal Health Commission Project (2025zh02); Xi'an Science and Technology Planning Project (22YXYJ0059, 21YXYJ0047); Research Incubation Fund of Xi’an People’s Hospital (Xi’an Fourth Hospital) (2022LBSH05); Xi'an Fourth Hospital Research Incubation Fund Project (LH-10, FZ-72)

摘要: 白内障的形成与多种因素有关,其中氧化应激、醌类物质过量、醛糖还原酶、晶状体蛋白聚集是主要的发病机制。近年来,除了抗氧化剂维生素和类胡萝卜素经过临床研究外,目前,还有许多药物及化合物已通过基础及动物研究被证实具有潜在的抗白内障作用,其中包括了一些在植物中提取的多酚类化合物、银杏叶、生姜等抗氧化应激的药物及针对醌类物质过量的吡诺克辛滴眼液外,还包括了以薯蓣皂苷元、L-赖氨酸为代表的醛糖还原酶抑制剂和以羊毛甾醇和25-羟基胆固醇为代表的抗晶状体蛋白聚集物,昭示着抗白内障药物逐渐走向分子化。尽管这些药物在基础研究和动物实验中表现出一定的治疗潜力,但因动物实验结果外推性有限、临床试验复杂性及个体差异等因素的限制,目前这些药物尚不能在临床中应用,随着研究进一步深入,未来有望应用于临床。 (国际眼科纵览,2025, 49:25-31)

关键词: 白内障, 发病机制, 药物防治

Abstract: The pathogenesis of cataracts is linked to multiple factors, with oxidative stress, excessive quinone substances, aldose reductase activity, and lens protein aggregation being the main mechanisms. Recently, many drugs and compounds have been identified through basic and animal studies as having potential anti-cataract effects. These include polyphenolic compounds extracted from plants, Ginkgo biloba leaves, ginger, and drugs like pirenoxine eye drops for excessive quinone substances. Aldose reductase inhibitors such as diosgenin and L-lysine and anti-lens protein aggregation agents like lanosterol and 25-hydroxycholesterol also show promise, indicating a shift towards molecular approaches in anti-cataract therapy. Despite the therapeutic potential seen in research, limitations such as the extrapolation of animal study results and individual variability currently hinder their clinical application. With further research, these drugs may be used in clinical settings in the future. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2025, 49:  25-31)

Key words: ataract, pathogenic mechanism, drug prevention and treatment