Abstract: As one type of adult stem cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have the ability of self\|renewal and multiple differentiation potential which allow them to differentiate to bone, muscle, fat, neuron cells etc. In this review, a general background of BMSCs was summarized, and we also give a brief introduction of how BMSCs could differentiate to retinal neurons, retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptor cells in different environment.