Abstract: Myopia progression involves more than just axial elongation. It is accompanied by specific remodeling of the optic disc, retinal anatomy, and microcirculation. As myopia worsens, the optic disc ovality index and tilt ratio increase significantly. The measurement of optic disc area must account for the influence of ocular magnification effects. The peripapillary atrophy zone widens as the axial length increases, serving as an early monitoring indicator for pathological myopia. Regarding the retina, the foveal thickness is significantly greater in highly myopic individuals, while the outer retinal thickness is thinner. In terms of microcirculation, blood perfusion in the optic disc and parapapillary areas decreases as myopia progresses. However, the specific patterns of blood flow density changes in the retinal and choroidal microcirculation require further confirmation. Integrating these features is essential for building a precise monitoring system for myopia prevention and control in youth.

Key words: Myopia, Children and adolescents, Optic disc morphology, Retinal structure, Microcirculation